Pepe, Gerald J.
- Professor and Chair, Physiological Sciences
Overview
overview
- Dr. Pepe earned his undergraduate degree (BA) in biology from Providence College in Providence, RI, a master's degree (MS) in biology from Northeastern University in Boston, MA and a PhD in biochemistry and physiology from the University of Kansas in Lawrence, KS in 1970. After completing two-years of postdoctoral training in reproductive physiology at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, OH, Dr. Pepe spent 6 years as a Senior Staff Fellow at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD before joining the faculty of the Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, VA in 1978 where he has served (1985-present) and is currently Professor and Chair of the Department of Physiological Sciences. Dr. Pepe is recognized for his research on the role of estrogen in pregnancy on placental-fetal development and programming fetal organ systems important for metabolic and reproductive processes/function in offspring after birth. Working with his colleague Eugene Albrecht, PhD at the University of Maryland, Dr. Pepe's research has earned virtually continuous (1980-present) support from the National Institutes of Health. He has published over 170 original manuscripts, book chapters and reviews and trained numerous graduate and postdoctoral students throughout his career. Dr. Pepe was recipient of a NASA Predoctoral Fellowship and recipient at EVMS of the Dean's Awards for Excellence in Teaching, Excellence in Research and EVMS Outstanding Faculty. Dr. Pepe has served on numerous research review panels of the National Institutes of Health, as a member of research advisory boards, a reviewer for several professional journals and an invited speaker at national and international meetings as well as a guest lecturer and visiting professor at several Universities. In 2004, Dr. Pepe was appointed and served as Provost and Dean of the Eastern Virginia Medical School (2005-2012).
Publications
selected publications
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2022Placental sFlt-1 Gene Delivery in Early Primate Pregnancy Suppresses Uterine Spiral Artery Remodeling. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 163.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac012 PMID: 35134145
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2022B-flow/spatiotemporal image correlation M-mode: novel ultrasound method that detects decrease in spiral artery luminal diameter in first trimester in primate model of impaired spiral artery remodeling. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY. 59:358-364.Full Text via DOI: 10.1002/uog.23753 PMID: 34358371
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2019Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Delivery to Placental Basal Plate Promotes Uterine Artery Remodeling in the Primate. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 160:1492-1505.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00059 PMID: 31002314
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2018
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2017Adipose and Liver Function in Primate Offspring with Insulin Resistance Induced by Estrogen Deprivation in Utero.. Endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism journal.PMID: 29983904
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2016Estrogen Suppresses Interaction of Melanocortin 2 Receptor and Its Accessory Protein in the Primate Fetal Adrenal Cortex. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 157:4588-4601.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1562 PMID: 27779913
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2016Insulin resistance elicited in postpubertal primate offspring deprived of estrogen in utero. ENDOCRINE. 54:788-797.Full Text via DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1145-9 PMID: 27770396
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2016Estrogen deprivation in primate pregnancy leads to insulin resistance in offspring. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY. 230:171-183.Full Text via DOI: 10.1530/JOE-15-0530 PMID: 27207093
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2016Estrogen Regulation of Fetal Adrenal Cortical Zone-Specific Development in the Nonhuman Primate Impacts Adrenal Production of Androgen and Cortisol and Response to ACTH in Females in Adulthood. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 157:1905-1913.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-2087 PMID: 26990066
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2016Assessment of Protein Expression by Proximity Ligation Assay in the Nonhuman Primate Endometrium, Placenta, and Fetal Adrenal in Response to Estrogen. ESTROGEN RECEPTORS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS. 1366:149-161.Full Text via DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_12 PMID: 26585133
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2016Estrogen deprivation in primate pregnancy leads to insulin resistance in offspring. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY. 230:171-183.Full Text via DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0530 PMID: 27207093
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2015Estrogen promotes luteolysis by redistributing prostaglandin F2 alpha receptors within primate luteal cells. REPRODUCTION. 149:453-464.Full Text via DOI: 10.1530/REP-14-0412 PMID: 25687410
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2015Fetal Programming in the Nonhuman Primate: Impact of Estrogen Deprivation In Utero on Insulin Sensitivity in Offspring After Birth. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES. 168A-168A.
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2015Placental Estrogen Suppresses Cyclin D1 Expression in the Nonhuman Primate Fetal Adrenal Cortex. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES. 101A-101A.
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2015Estrogen promotes luteolysis by redistributing prostaglandin F2α receptors within primate luteal cells. REPRODUCTION. 149:453-464.Full Text via DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0412 PMID: 25687410
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2014Placental Estrogen Suppresses Cyclin D1 Expression in the Nonhuman Primate Fetal Adrenal Cortex. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 155:4774-4784.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1221 PMID: 25247468
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2013Regulation of Baboon Fetal Ovarian Development by Placental Estrogen: Onset of Puberty Is Delayed in Offspring Deprived of Estrogen In Utero. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 89.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.107318 PMID: 24132960
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2013PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF POST PARTUM DEPRESSION. ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE. S300-S300.
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2012Prematurely Elevating Estradiol in Early Baboon Pregnancy Suppresses Uterine Artery Remodeling and Expression of Extravillous Placental Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and alpha 1 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 Integrins. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 153:2897-2906.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1141 PMID: 22495671
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2012Suppression of trophoblast uterine spiral artery remodeling by estrogen during baboon pregnancy: impact on uterine and fetal blood flow dynamics. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY. 302:H1936-H1944.Full Text via DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00590.2011 PMID: 22427518
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2012D-Cycloserine Improves Sociability and Spontaneous Stereotypic Behaviors in 4-Week Old Mice. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. 299S-299S.
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2012Developmental Expression of Cell Cycle Regulators in the Primate Fetal Adrenal Cortex.. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES. 347A-347A.
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2012
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2012D-cycloserine improves sociability and spontaneous stereotypic behaviors in 4-week old mice. BRAIN RESEARCH. 1439:96-107.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.040 PMID: 22261249
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2011Development of the Baboon Fetal Epididymis after Estrogen Suppression In Utero during the Second Half of Gestation. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES. 370A-370A.
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2011Fetal Programming in the Baboon: Impact of Estrogen Deprivation In Utero on Insulin Signaling and Reproductive Development after Birth. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES. 204A-204A.
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2011Expression of P-450 aromatase, estrogen receptor alpha and beta, and alpha-inhibin in the fetal baboon testis after estrogen suppression during the second half of gestation. ENDOCRINE. 39:75-82.Full Text via DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9414-5 PMID: 21061091
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2010Divergent Regulation of Angiopoietin-1 and-2, Tie-2, and Thrombospondin-1 Expression by Estrogen in the Baboon Endometrium. MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT. 77:430-438.Full Text via DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21163 PMID: 20140967
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2010Divergent Regulation of Angiopoietin-1 and-2,Tie-2, and Thrombospondin-1 Expression by Estrogen in the Baboon Endometrium.. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES. 138A-138A.
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2010Estrogen Regulates Expression of Cell Cycle Regulators in the Primate Fetal Adrenal Gland.. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES. 354A-355A.
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2010Uterine and Fetal Blood Flow Indices and Fetal Growth Assessment after Chronic Estrogen Suppression in the Second Half of Baboon Pregnancy.. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES. 357A-357A.
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2010Uterine and fetal blood flow indexes and fetal growth assessment after chronic estrogen suppression in the second half of baboon pregnancy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY. 298:H881-H889.Full Text via DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00611.2009 PMID: 20023123
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2010Estrogen regulation of placental angiogenesis and fetal ovarian development during primate pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. 54:397-407.Full Text via DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.082758ea PMID: 19876841
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2009Estrogen Promotes Germ Cell and Seminiferous Tubule Development in the Baboon Fetal Testis. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 81:406-414.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.073494 PMID: 19403930
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2009Regulation of Baboon Fetal Pituitary Prolactin Expression by Estrogen. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 80:1189-1195.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.072785 PMID: 19176882
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2009Developmental regulation of the expression of the transferrin receptor and Ki67 in oocytes of the baboon fetal ovary by estrogen. ENDOCRINE. 35:177-183.Full Text via DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9133-3 PMID: 19156547
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2009
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2009Regulation of Baboon Fetal Pituitary Prolactin Expression by Estrogen. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES. 193A-193A.
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2009Estrogen stimulates the human endometrium to express a factor(s) that promotes vascular smooth muscle cell migration as an early step in microvessel remodeling. ENDOCRINE. 35:81-88.Full Text via DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9128-0 PMID: 19016353
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2009
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2009Estrogen Promotes Germ Cell and Seminiferous Tubule Development in the Baboon Fetal Testis. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 202-202.
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2008Regulation of Expression of Microvillus Membrane Proteins by Estrogen in Baboon Fetal Ovarian Oocytes. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 79:1160-1168.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.067900 PMID: 18716290
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2008Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Mediates the Estrogen-Induced Breakdown of Tight Junctions between and Increase in Proliferation of Microvessel Endothelial Cells in the Baboon Endometrium. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 149:6076-6083.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0521 PMID: 18687775
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2008Suppression of extravillous trophoblast vascular endothelial growth factor expression and uterine spiral artery invasion by estrogen during early baboon pregnancy. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 149:5078-5087.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0116 PMID: 18566115
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2008Oocytes of baboon fetal primordial ovarian follicles express estrogen receptor beta mRNA. ENDOCRINE. 33:254-260.Full Text via DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9081-y PMID: 18484193
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2008Regulation of placental villous angiopoietin-1 and-2 expression by estrogen during baboon pregnancy. MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT. 75:504-511.Full Text via DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20721 PMID: 18022824
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2007Regulation of expression and localisation of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) 3 and the NHE regulatory factor 2 in baboon placental syncytiotrophoblast by oestrogen. PLACENTA. 28:878-888.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2007.01.003 PMID: 17336377
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2007Placental villous vascular endothelial growth factor expression and vascularization after estrogen suppression during the last two-thirds of baboon pregnancy. ENDOCRINE. 31:260-267.Full Text via DOI: 10.1007/s12020-007-0036-5 PMID: 17906373
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2007Differential expression of placental villous angiopoietin-1 and-2 during early, mid and late baboon pregnancy. PLACENTA. 28:212-218.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.02.003 PMID: 16630655
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2007Developmental expression of cell cycle regulators in the baboon fetal adrenal gland. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY. 192:237-247.Full Text via DOI: 10.1677/joe.1.06769 PMID: 17210761
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2006Developmental regulation of the sodium/hydrogen ion exchangers and their regulatory factors in baboon placental syncytiotrophoblast. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 147:2986-2996.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0887 PMID: 16527850
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2006Suppression of extravillous trophoblast invasion of uterine spiral arteries by estrogen during early baboon pregnancy. PLACENTA. 27:483-490.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2005.04.005 PMID: 15990167
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2006Regulation of baboon fetal ovarian folliculogenesis by estrogen. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY. 247:41-46.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.11.045 PMID: 16420971
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2006Developmental regulation of placental villous angiopoietin-1 and-2 expression during baboon pregnancy.. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION. 108A-108A.
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2006Suppression of extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVT) invasion of uterine spiral arteries (UA) by estrogen during early primate pregnancy: Modulatory role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION. 180A-180A.
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2005Development of a coculture system and use of confocal laser fluorescent microscopy to study human microvascular endothelial cell and mural cell interaction. MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH. 70:43-52.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2005.04.008 PMID: 15967470
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2005Estrogen elicits cortical zone-specific effects on development of the primate fetal adrenal gland. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 146:1737-1744.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1124 PMID: 15618362
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2005Developmental regulation of growth of the primate fetal adrenal cortex by estrogen: Cell cycle regulators.. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION. 239A-239A.
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2005Estrogen elicits cortical zone specific effects on development of the primate fetal adrenal gland.. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION. 238A-239A.
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2005Longitudinal assessment of fetal growth and blood flow indices by Doppler ultrasonography during the second half of baboon pregnancy.. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION. 155A-156A.
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2005Regulation of extravillous trophoblast invasion of uterine spiral arteries by estrogen during baboon pregnancy.. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION. 298A-298A.
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2004Acute Temporal Regulation of Placental Vascular Endothelial Growth/Permeability Factor Expression in Baboons by Estrogen1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 71:1694-1698.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.030882 PMID: 15269101
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2004Estrogen Modulates Developmentally Regulated Gene Expression in the Fetal Baboon Liver. ENDOCRINE. 23:219-228.Full Text via DOI: 10.1385/endo:23:2-3:219 PMID: 15146103
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2004Estrogen Suppression Induces Papillary Gingival Overgrowth in Pregnant Baboons. Journal of Periodontology. 75:693-701.Full Text via DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.5.693 PMID: 15212352
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2004Expression of Estrogen Receptors α and β in the Fetal Baboon Testisand Epididymis1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 70:1106-1113.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.022665 PMID: 15033877
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2004Localization and Developmental Expression of the Activin Signal Transduction Proteins Smads 2, 3, and 4 in the Baboon Fetal Ovary1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 70:586-592.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.018598 PMID: 14585818
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2004Regulation of Oocyte Microvilli Development in the Baboon Fetal Ovary by Estrogen. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 145:959-966.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-1078 PMID: 14592953
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2004Regulation of Placental Vascular Endothelial Growth/Permeability Factor Expression and Angiogenesis by Estrogen during Early Baboon Pregnancy. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. 89:5803-5809.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-0479 PMID: 15531545
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2003Acute Temporal Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth/Permeability Factor Expression and Endothelial Morphology in the Baboon Endometrium by Ovarian Steroids. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. 88:2844-2852.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/jc.2002-021546 PMID: 12788898
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2003Developmental Regulation of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Messenger RNA Expression in the Baboon Fetal Ovary1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 68:1911-1917.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.011494 PMID: 12606356
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2003Effect of Estrogen on Vascular Endothelial Growth/Permeability Factor Expression by Glandular Epithelial and Stromal Cells in the Baboon Endometrium1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 68:1997-2004.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.011288 PMID: 12606344
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2003Effect of estrogen on angiogenesis in co-cultures of human endometrial cells and microvascular endothelial cells. Human Reproduction. 18:2039-2047.Full Text via DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deg415 PMID: 14507818
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2003Fetal Lung Maturation in Estrogen-Deprived Baboons. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. 88:471-477.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/jc.2001-010228 PMID: 12519892
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2003Functional Differentiation of the Placental Syncytiotrophoblast: Effect of Estrogen on Chorionic Somatomammotropin Expression during Early Primate Pregnancy. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. 88:4316-4323.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/jc.2002-022052 PMID: 12970304
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2003Steroid hormone regulation of angiogenesis in the primate endometrium. FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE. d416-429.Full Text via DOI: 10.2741/1001 PMID: 12456304
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2003Up-Regulation of α-Inhibin Expression in the Fetal Ovary of Estrogen-Suppressed Baboons Is Associated with Impaired Fetal Ovarian Folliculogenesis1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 68:1989-1996.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.011908 PMID: 12606324
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2002Developmental Regulation of Baboon Fetal Ovarian Maturation by Estrogen1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 67:1148-1156.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod67.4.1148 PMID: 12297530
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2002Expression of Estrogen Receptors α and β in the Baboon Fetal Ovary1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 66:1054-1060.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod66.4.1054 PMID: 11906925
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2002Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth/Permeability Factor by Endometrial Glandular Epithelial and Stromal Cells in Baboons during the Menstrual Cycle and after Ovariectomy. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 143:4007-4017.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-220385 PMID: 12239112
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2001Developmental Regulation of Morphological Differentiation of Placental Villous Trophoblast in the Baboon. PLACENTA. 22:276-283.Full Text via DOI: 10.1053/plac.2000.0621 PMID: 11286563
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2001Developmental Regulation of Placental Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-II and IGF-Binding Protein-1 and -2 Messenger RNA Expression During Primate Pregnancy1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 65:1208-1214.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod65.4.1208 PMID: 11566745
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2001Developmental Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth/Permeability Factor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels in and Vascularization of the Villous Placenta During Baboon Pregnancy*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 142:2050-2057.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.5.8174
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2001Developmental maturation of primate placental trophoblast: placental cytosolic and secretory phospholipase A2 expression after estrogen suppression of baboons. PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS. 66:155-163.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(01)00157-5 PMID: 11577780
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2001Estrogen Regulates 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-1 and -2 Localization in Placental Syncytiotrophoblast in the Second Half of Primate Pregnancy. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 142:4496-4503.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.10.8434
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2001Expression of the mRNAs and Proteins for the Na+/H+Exchangers and Their Regulatory Factors in Baboon and Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblast. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 142:3685-3692.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.8.8343
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2001Localization and Developmental Regulation of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-1 and -2 in the Baboon Syncytiotrophoblast1. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 142:68-80.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.1.7877
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2000The role of estrogen in the maintenance of primate pregnancy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. 182:432-438.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(00)70235-3 PMID: 10694348
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1999Central Integrative Role of Oestrogen in Modulating the Communication between the Placenta and Fetus that Results in Primate Fetal–placental Development. PLACENTA. 129-139.Full Text via DOI: 10.1053/plac.1998.0359 PMID: 10195732
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1999Cloning of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD)-2 gene in the baboon: effects of estradiol on promoter activity of 11β-HSD-1 and -2 in placental JEG-3 cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1444:101-110.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(98)00248-6 PMID: 9931459
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1999Development of the Baboon Fetal Adrenal Gland: Regulation of the Ontogenesis of the Definitive and Transitional Zones by Adrenocorticotropin1. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. 84:3831-3835.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.10.6058
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1999Developmental expression of and effect of betamethasone on the messenger ribonucleic acid levels for peptide growth factors in the baboon fetal adrenal gland. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY. 163:123-130.Full Text via DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1630123 PMID: 10495414
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1999Expression of the 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Types 1 and 2 Proteins in Human and Baboon Placental Syncytiotrophoblast. PLACENTA. 20:575-582.Full Text via DOI: 10.1053/plac.1999.0416 PMID: 10452912
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1999Functional Capacity of Fetal Zone Cells of the Baboon Fetal Adrenal Gland: A Major Source of α-Inhibin1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 61:142-146.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod61.1.142 PMID: 10377042
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1999Identification and Developmental Expression of the Estrogen Receptor α and β in the Baboon Fetal Adrenal Gland1. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 140:5953-5961.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.12.7182
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1999Regulation of functional differentiation of the placental villous syncytiotrophoblast by estrogen during primate pregnancy1. Steroids. 64:624-627.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(99)00043-4 PMID: 10503719
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1998Analysis of apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 gene family members in the human and baboon ovary. Cell Death & Differentiation. 5:67-76.Full Text via DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400316 PMID: 10200447
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1998Central integrative role of oestrogen in the regulation of placental steroidogenic maturation and the development of the fetal pituitary-adrenocortical axis in the baboon. HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE. 4:406-419.Full Text via DOI: 10.1093/humupd/4.4.406 PMID: 9825855
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1998Developmental Maturation of Baboon Placental Trophoblast: Expression of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Protein Levels of Cytosolic and Secretory Phospholipases A21. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. 83:2861-2867.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/jcem.83.8.5019
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1998Effect of Maternal Betamethasone Administration at Midgestation on Baboon Fetal Adrenal Gland Development and Adrenocorticotropin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression1. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. 83:976-982.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/jcem.83.3.4638
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1997Cloning and expression of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 gene in the baboon1Note: This work was supported by NIH Research Grant R01 HD-13294.1. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY. 127:201-209.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(97)04008-2 PMID: 9099915
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1997Decline in Adrenocorticotropin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Baboon Fetal Adrenocortical Zone in the Second Half of Pregnancy1. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 138:1634-1641.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.138.4.5079
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1997Estrogen Regulation of Placental P-450 Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels and Activity During Baboon Pregnancy1. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 138:452-459.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.138.1.4833
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1997Estrogen Stimulation of P450 Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Activity in Cultures of Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblasts1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 56:272-278.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod56.1.272 PMID: 9002660
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1997Functional Differentiation of Placental Syncytiotrophoblasts during Baboon Pregnancy: Developmental Expression of Chorionic Somatomammotropin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Protein Levels1. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. 82:4105-4110.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/jcem.82.12.4453
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1997Immunocytochemical identification of the oestrogen receptor in the nuclei of cultured human placental syncytiotrophoblasts. PLACENTA. 18:365-370.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(97)80071-9 PMID: 9179930
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1997Inhibition of Fetal Adrenal Adrenocorticotropin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression by Betamethasone Administration to the Baboon Fetus in Late Gestation1. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 138:2705-2712.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.138.7.5225
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1996Biphasic developmental expression of adrenocorticotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the baboon fetal adrenal gland.. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 137:1292-1298.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.137.4.8625902
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1996Developmental increase in expression of the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 in the baboon placenta.. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 137:5678-5684.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.137.12.8940399
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1996Developmental regulation of corticosteroid-binding globulin biosynthesis in the baboon fetus.. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 137:3323-3328.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.137.8.8754758
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1996Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Expression in the Baboon Fetus at Mid- and Late Gestation1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 55:559-566.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod55.3.559 PMID: 8862772
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1996Interconversion of cortisol and cortisone in the baboon placenta at midgestation: Expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 messenger RNA. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 58:403-410.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(96)00049-0 PMID: 8903424
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1996Progesterone and 20α-Hydroxypregn-4-En-3-One (20α-OHP) in the Pregnant Baboon: Selective Placental Secretion of 20α-OHP into the Fetal Compartment'1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 55:854-859.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod55.4.854 PMID: 8879500
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1996Regulation of human placental trophoblast low-density lipoprotein uptake in vitro by estrogen.. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. 81:2675-2679.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/jcem.81.7.8675596
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1995Actions of Placental and Fetal Adrenal Steroid Hormones in Primate Pregnancy*. ENDOCRINE REVIEWS. 16:608-648.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/edrv-16-5-608
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1995Activation of the Baboon Fetal Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis at Midgestation by Estrogen: Responsivity of the Fetal Adrenal Gland to Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in Vitro1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 53:996-1002.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod53.5.996 PMID: 8527531
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1995Developmental increase in low density lipoprotein receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels in placental syncytiotrophoblasts during baboon pregnancy.. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 136:5540-5546.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.136.12.7588306
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1995Suppression of maternal adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate production by estrogen during baboon pregnancy.. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. 80:3201-3208.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/jcem.80.11.7593427
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1994Activation of the baboon fetal pituitary-adrenocortical axis at midgestation by estrogen: enhancement of fetal pituitary proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid expression.. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 135:2581-2587.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.135.6.7988446
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1994Influence of Fetectomy on Serum Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A Concentrations in the Baboon1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 50:442-448.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod50.2.442 PMID: 7511420
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1993Developmental regulation of protein kinase-A and -C activities in the baboon fetal adrenal.. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 132:2491-2497.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.132.6.8504752
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1992Developmental increase in placental low density lipoprotein uptake during baboon pregnancy.. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 130:1698-1706.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo.130.3.1537317
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1992Utilization of maternal and fetal androstenedione for placental estrogen production at mid and late baboon pregnancy. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 41:171-178.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(92)90045-k PMID: 1543685
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1991Activation of the Baboon Fetal Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis at Midgestation by Estrogen: Adrenal Δ5-3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and 17α-Hydroxylase-17,20-Lyase Activity*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 128:2395-2401.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-128-5-2395 PMID: 2019257
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1991Influence of the Fetus and Estrogen on Maternal Serum Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II, and Epidermal Growth Factor Concentrations during Baboon Pregnancy*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 129:3109-3117.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-129-6-3109 PMID: 1954892
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1991Regulation of Placental Low Density Lipoprotein Uptake in Baboons by Estrogen*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 128:450-458.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-128-1-450 PMID: 1986938
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1991Regulation of Placental Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake in Baboons by Estrogen: Dose-Dependent Effects of the Anti-Estrogen Ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25)1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 45:43-48.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod45.1.43 PMID: 1878435
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1991Responsivity of the Baboon Fetal Pituitary to Corticotropin-Releasing Hormonein Uteroat Midgestation*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 129:1424-1428.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-129-3-1424 PMID: 1651849
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1990Activation of the Baboon Fetal Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenocortical Axis at Midgestation by Estrogen-Induced Changes in Placental Corticosteroid Metabolism*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 127:3117-3123.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-127-6-3117 PMID: 2249642
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1990Influence of the Fetus and Estrogen on Serum Concentrations and Placental Formation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I during Baboon Pregnancy*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 127:2400-2407.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-127-5-2400 PMID: 2226324
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1990Interconversion of Cortisol and Cortisone in Baboon Trophoblast and Decidua Cells in Culture*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 127:1735-1741.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-127-4-1735 PMID: 2401233
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1990Modulation of Adrenocorticotropin-Stimulated Baboon Fetal Adrenal Dehydroepiandrosterone Formationin Vitroby Estrogen at Mid- and Late Gestation*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 126:3083-3088.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-126-6-3083 PMID: 2161746
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1990Placental Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis in Primate Pregnancy*. ENDOCRINE REVIEWS. 124-150.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/edrv-11-1-124 PMID: 2180685
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1990Regulation of 1lβ-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in the Baboon Placenta by Estrogen*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 126:2742-2748.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-126-5-2742 PMID: 2328704
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1990Regulation of the Primate Fetal Adrenal Cortex*. ENDOCRINE REVIEWS. 151-176.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/edrv-11-1-151 PMID: 2180686
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1989Effect of Estrogen on Pituitary Peptide-Induced Dehydroepiandrosterone Secretion in the Baboon Fetus at Midgestation*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 125:1519-1524.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-125-3-1519 PMID: 2547589
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1989Regulation of Progesterone Biosynthesis by Estrogen during Baboon Pregnancy: Placental Mitochondrial Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Activity in Antiestrogen (Ethamoxytriphetol, MER-25)-Treated Baboons*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 124:1638-1645.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-124-4-1638 PMID: 2924716
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1989The effect of estrogen on placental delivery after fetectomy in baboons. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. 160:237-241.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90128-2 PMID: 2912088
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1988Effect of Estrogen on the Metabolism of Cortisol and Cortisone in the Baboon Fetus at Midgestation1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 38:1006-1011.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod38.5.1006 PMID: 3408768
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1988Effect of the Antiestrogen Ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) on Placental Low Density Lipoprotein Uptake and Degradation in Baboons*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 122:2019-2026.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-122-5-2019 PMID: 3359975
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1988Metabolism of Cortisol and Cortisone in the Baboon Fetus at Midgestation*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 122:84-88.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-122-1-84 PMID: 3335216
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1988Regulation of Baboon Fetal Adrenal Androgen Formation by Pituitary Peptides at Mid- and Late Gestation*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 122:546-551.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-122-2-546 PMID: 2828002
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1988The Effects of Adrenocorticotropin and Prolactin on Adrenal Dehydroepiandrosterone Secretion in the Baboon Fetus*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 122:646-650.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-122-2-646 PMID: 2828008
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1988The Regulation of Transplacental Cortisol- Cortisone Metabolism by Estrogen in Pregnant Baboons*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 122:78-83.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-122-1-78 PMID: 3335215
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1987Changes in the Pattern of Androgen Formation in Vitro by the Baboon Fetal Adrenal Gland at Mid- and Late Gestation1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 37:1192-1197.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod37.5.1192 PMID: 2964875
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1987Effect of estrogen on dehydroepiandrosterone formation by baboon fetal adrenal cells in vitro. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. 156:1275-1278.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(87)90162-1 PMID: 3034061
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1987Effects of anesthetic agents on the adrenocortical system of female baboons. American Journal of Primatology. 325-332.Full Text via DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350130309 PMID: 31973468
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1987Fetal Regulation of Transplacental Cortisol-Cortisone Metabolism in the Baboon*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 120:2529-2533.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-120-6-2529 PMID: 3569142
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1987Transuterofetoplacental Conversion of Pregnenolone to Progesterone in Antiestrogen-Treated Baboons*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 121:1265-1271.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-121-4-1265 PMID: 3653027
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1986Regulation of Progesterone Formation by Human Placental Cells in Culture*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 119:998-1003.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-119-3-998 PMID: 2942394
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1986Testosterone Production by Collagenase-Dispersed Cells from Baboon Fetal Testis1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 35:372-376.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod35.2.372 PMID: 3021248
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1985Prolactin Stimulates Adrenal Androgen Secretion in Infant Baboons*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 117:1968-1973.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-117-5-1968 PMID: 2995004
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1985Regulation of Baboon Fetal Adrenal Androgen Production by Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Prolactin, and Growth Hormone1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 33:545-550.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod33.3.545 PMID: 2996643
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1985THE PLACENTA REMAINS FUNCTIONAL FOLLOWING FETECTOMY IN BABOONS. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 843-845.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-116-2-843 PMID: 3155680
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1985The effects of cortisone on the interconversion of cortisol and cortisone in the baboon. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry. 23:275-278.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(85)90405-4 PMID: 4046601
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1984Comparison of cortisol-cortisone interconversion in vitro by the human and baboon placenta. Steroids. 44:229-240.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(84)90004-7 PMID: 6598930
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1984Effect of the Antiestrogen Ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) and Luteectomy on Serum Progesterone Concentrations in Pregnant Baboons*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 115:1717-1721.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-115-5-1717 PMID: 6489260
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1984Source and Regulation of 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone During Baboon Pregnancy. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 31:471-479.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod31.3.471 PMID: 6487691
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1984Transuteroplacental Metabolism of Cortisol and Cortisone during Mid- and Late Gestation in the Baboon*. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 115:1946-1951.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-115-5-1946 PMID: 6489265
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1982The effects of estrogen on cortisol metabolism in female baboons. Steroids. 39:471-477.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(82)90048-4 PMID: 7147281
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1981Effect of maternal administration of the antiestrogen ethamoxy triphetol throughout the last third of baboon gestation upon neonatal corticoid production. Steroids. 37:45-50.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(81)90006-4 PMID: 7222142
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1981Luteal Function in Baboons with Administration of the Antiestrogen Ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) Throughout the Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle1. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION. 25:451-457.Full Text via DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod25.3.451 PMID: 7306635
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1980The Influence of Fetectomy at Midgestation upon the Serum Concentrations of Progesterone, Estrone, and Estradiol in Baboons. ENDOCRINOLOGY. 107:766-770.Full Text via DOI: 10.1210/endo-107-3-766 PMID: 6772429
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1980The utilization of placental substrates for cortisol synthesis by the baboon fetus near term. Steroids. 35:591-597.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(80)80011-0 PMID: 6771896
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1977Serum cortisol levels affect the metabolic clearance rate of progesterone in female baboons. Steroids. 30:561-568.Full Text via DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(77)90100-3 PMID: 415386
Research
research overview
- The high incidence of human neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with low birth weight and prematurity as well as impact of the ever increasing exposure of humans to environmental endocrine disruptors indicates need for more intensive study of the mechanisms underlying the development of the primate placenta and fetus. The long-term objective of this laboratory is to improve knowledge in this area and translate findings to the human by building on our previous and ongoing in vivo and in vitro studies in the nonhuman primate demonstrating the important role of estrogen in controlling placental-fetal communication by regulating [1] placental angiogenesis and structural maturation, [2] remodeling of maternal uterine spiral arteries by extravillous trophoblast critical to placental perfusion, [3] maturation of fetal-organ systems including the adrenal gland and gonads as well as tissues controlling metabolic function, and establishing the impact of the intrauterine programming actions of estrogen on physiological processes (e.g. insulin sensitivity, vascular and reproductive function) in adulthood.
projects
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Current Project
- Elucidation of the mechanisms by which estrogen programs microvascular development in the primate fetus leading to insulin sensitivity in the offspring.
- Establish CEU/B-Flow-M-Mode as real time imaging techniques to examine utero-placental vascular function in a nonhuman primate model of defective uterine spiral artery remodeling and translate findings to normal and abnormal human pregnancy.
- Regulation of uterine spiral artery remodeling during primate pregnancy
Contact
preferred title
- Professor and Chair
full name
- Gerald J. Pepe, PhD